Nursing Research Article

Lung cancer has been named the second leading killer of American women second to heart disease.   It is estimated that 20% of deaths among women occur from lung cancer (medinet.com).   According to the American cancer society, lung cancer accounts for up to 28 % of mortality rates among men.   The risk factors associated to lung cancer are smoking of cigarettes, marijuana, exposure to talcum and radioactive gases and asbestos and so on. These compounds are said to trigger growth of malignant cells thus causing cancer (medinet.com). Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD a board certified Anatomic pathologist based in US in her article lung cancer (medicine Net.com) points out that lung cancer is a life threatening cancer that spreads very fast to other parts of the body and is a very difficult cancer to treat.   She clears up the myth that lung cancer only occurs among smokers.   Non-smokers are also prone to developing lung cancer and of the 170,000 lung cancer deaths in America, 10% of them are non-smokers. Of these deaths among non-smokers, not all the cases can be traced to any identifiable risk factors but dominantly, passive smoking can be underpinned to be the major causal factor for lung cancer among non-smokers.   Melissa also tries to shed light or the group that is most prone to suffer from lung cancer.   She purports that smokers, Asbestos workers, the elderly, passive smokers, people exposed to workplace chemicals and residents of air pollution prone zones. According to the American cancer society, 70% of people suffering from cancer are elderly say over 65 years and only 3% under 45 years. Melissa points out that in the 1930, lung cancer was a rare disease however, with the rise of tobacco smoking and pollution, the disease cases have increased unprecedented.   The number of deaths among tobacco smokers is highest among cigarette smoker as opposed to cigar and pipe smokers. The risk getting lung cancer further compounds with each increase of cigarette smoked.   Defined in medical terms as pack-years (the number to packs of cigarette smoked per day in a year), Melissa suggest that the higher the number of pack years, the higher the risk of developing lung cancer.   To be precise she elaborates that out of seven people who smoke 2 to 3 packs of cigarettes in a day, one will die of lung cancer.   (medicineNet.com). This is because cigarette contains carcinogenic compounds that trigger abnormal cell growth in the lungs and thus cancer.   It then seems that lung cancer is a disease for smokers, or at least that is according to common misconceptions.   Melissa in her article submits that research findings indicates people who share living space or work stations have a 24% higher chance of developing cancer as   evidence by 3000 lung cancer deaths pinned to passive smoking. Further, she brings to mind that other risk factors associated with lung cancer are rare but combined with smoking, (passive or active) the risk of developing cancer is further compounded.   Evidence shows that Asbestos workers who smoke had a 50 to 90 times possibility of developing lung cancer in preference to the five times possibility accrued to non-smokers. The case is the same for workers exposed to radon gas and radioactive compounds. Although there is insufficient evidence to support claims that genetic predisposition increase individuals vulnerability to developing lung cancer, the possibility cannot be totally ignored. Residents of air-polluted zones have contributed 1% of all lung cancer cases and clearly, cigarette smoking or passive smoking complicates the problem.   The US government has paid noteworthy attention to the increase of lung cancer deaths among Americans. According to the National cancer institute, 213,389 new cases of lung cancer cases have so far been reported and out of those cases, 160,390 deaths have occurred in 2007 alone.   The magnitude of cancer problem is profound leading the government to respond investing a handsome chunk of money to cancer research each year. The author of the article is a well-educated pathologist and she uses a lot of medical jargon in her article.   However, she makes efforts of clearly explaining important terms so that her audience can understand.   Her piece is well researched and developed giving it a smooth flow. She starts from the basics and develops the topics to complex aspects. For instance, definition of lung cancer, commonality of the disease, causes, types of cancer, signs and symptoms, how it is diagnosed, treatment options, prognosis and prevention. However, for a nonprofessional some of the content may be confusing or too technical to understand.   Although she does try to explain in simple language, it is possible to get lost in the maze of medical terminology and information overload.   The argument does seem logical, supported by statistics from reliable sources.   She also builds her article from previous medical researches and from her own professional experience. The author’s argument regarding smoking and its role in increasing risk of developing cancer among cancer prone population is well supported.   She mentions the various causal factors of lung cancer and relates them to smoking.   For instance, the fact that 12% of lung cancer deaths are attributable to radon gas exposure and concomitant smoking bringing the number to up to 15,000deaths per year. I believe this article is most appropriate to Melissa’s target audience because it rolls out facts supported by statistics which I think makes the article believable and reliable.   It is unlikely that an individual, who smokes or is exposed to the risk factors mentioned in the article, would take the recommendations lightly.   Moreover, after reading her article, misconceptions about passive smoking are cleared.   The word that evoked a strong response in me is prognosis of lung cancer. Prognosis of lung cancer refers to the chance of recovery from lung cancer.   Melissa sheds light on the possibility of recovery among lung cancer patients.   She submits that recovery is dependant on the localization and size of tumor type of cancer and overall health status of the patient.   This gets me thinking because; I always thought cancer was the same. She fills in the readers on the two types of lung cancers, which are the i.e. small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SCLC is the most aggressive and survival time ranges from about 4 to 6 months after diagnosis, if untreated.   However, the SCLC is the most responsive to radiation and chemotherapy.   At this point, I feel enlightened.   Further, she points out treatments like surgical removal of tumors and local chemotherapy as the most effective treatment. Although there is, only 5%-10% chances of survival if lung cancer is untreated, good treatment can prolong cancer patient with SCLC types of lung cancer, to up to 5 times more than the untreated cases. Overall I think the article is well researched and accurate and gives a clear take home message i.e. prevention is better than cure since prognosis of lung cancer is poor compared to other cancers.   Thus, smokers and passive smokers are best advised to avoid cigarette in order to minimize susceptibility to lung cancer. References Conrad M. S ed. Marks, J.W. Lung Cancer. Available at http://www.medicinenet.com/lung_cancer/page7.htm Accessed on September 18, 2007 .

Bedbugs Research

There will be multiple research objectives to gain a clearer understanding of the direction that the entire bed bug pest control industry is moving towards. Since the recent introduction of the low cost no-frills, ‘do-it-yourself’ equipment, there has been no solid data available to support as to how effective those techniques are nor is there qualitative data on customer’s perception as to how effective it is. Both approaches (quantitative and qualitative) are important since if the customers feel they have fewer bed bugs (qualitative) but empirical analysis shows that in fact the number of bed bugs present in their homes remain the same, such data is of great importance. Unfortunately the perception of customers is more important and their positive word-of-mouth recommendation of the do-it-yourself devices (despite their failure by quantitative measures) will create a huge market for failed products that will do consumers more harm than good in the long run. The research objectives would be to find out empirically whether the ‘Do It Yourself’ approach is more effective, less effective or the same as by using the services of a qualified exterminator. After the use of the methodology described below, the test groups would be questioned specifically as to how they felt (qualitative approach) three months later: (a) Their overall feelings/beliefs as if there are less or more bedbugs present; (b) About their feelings/beliefs in the effectiveness of the product that they’ve used. The same groups will also have their homes examined at the same time through the use of bed bug detecting dogs and exterminators who were trained in locating bed bugs to see (quantitative) if there were any bed bugs to be found in the homes. The results gathered from the two groups (described below) will be compared so that a future course of action for Bed Bug Pest Control Of New York Inc. could be formulated. It will be of crucial importance for the company, as well as the bed bug removal industry to find out the effectiveness of different methods of bedbug extermination. Research Methodology The first part of the research methodology would be to gather a statistically significant random group of 1000 consumers who have experienced a bed bug infestation in their bedrooms. This group should be halved into two equal groups of 500: Group A and Group B. Individual members of each of the groups must have experienced similar levels of complaints of be bug infestation as will be measured on questionnaires prior to the inclusion of the individual in the study. Each of the groups must be willing to try out the devices given to them and agree to the post-extermination interviews as well as inspections by qualified, unbiased exterminators. Zikmund, 2010) The first group of 500 (Group A) will use what we will define as the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) approach (use of devices such as double edged masking tape, devices to place under the legs of furniture, and other no-frills devices that are marketed on late night television, on websites which make dubious claims, and are found at supermarkets in well designed containers plastered with ‘As Seen on TV’ stickers) to attempt to remove the bedbug infestation from their homes. To make sure that the devices are applied, a representative of the study will be present to make sure that the devices are used. We feel that without this mechanism, there is a high degree of uncertainty as to whether the test subjects will truthfully use the devices, thus significantly skewing the results from data gathered from Group A. (Joselyn, 1977) The second group of 500 consumers (Group B) will exclusively use the services of qualified bed bug exterminators and will receive two visits, one week apart, to disinfect their homes using professional bed bug removal technology. During the first visit, the qualified exterminator will use the steam method of bed bug removal, which uses a vacuum cleaner sized device to shoot 400 degree steam throughout the hard to reach areas of the bedroom, closet and the insides of the bed frame and furniture. This method boils away the bed bug nests as well as destroys the eggs. The second visit will use the scientifically proven cold method of bed bug removal which, through the use of a freezing stream -100 degree compressed carbon dioxide, will reach the deep nests hidden far within the falls, floors and walls that is unreachable by any other means. Gathering Data Data Sources Many attempts by the company have been made to find any external data available on this subject without success. Due to the fact that bed bugs were practically extinct in the western world since the 1950’s, the lack of modern equipment (carbon dioxide removal equipment, many of the current DIY gadgetry), no reliable sources of external data are available. Thus the company will use internal data or more specifically data collected internally from the new website (please see IT section below). Types of Surveys All data collected will be done through an online website where each individual member of either Group A or Group B will answer the questions on their own. This will be done so the data will not be contaminated by the bias of the individuals who collect the data as well as to make sure that each individual is able to answer each question thoroughly in the comfort of their own home, and not with a member of the research team present. (Dillon, 1994) Observation Studies This part of the study will be performed by the individuals who at the end of the study will come inside the test subject homes with bed bug sniffing dogs to determine empirically whether any bedbugs are still present within the premises. There is no known method besides the bed bug sniffing dog that can reliably determine their presence. Experiments / Test Markets The individuals to test out the premises of the experiment will be gathered from a specifically set up website that will gather the random individuals who will participate in the experiment. Use of Information Technology Information Technology will be used in multiple ways throughout the survey to not only save marketing budget dollars for the company but also to make the entire process less intrusive for the test subjects. The 1000 total sample will be gathered through a specially created website which will ask consumers if they wish to receive a free extermination in exchange for their participation. After a few thousand names are gathered, the individuals will be asked (via email) to return to the website (via a link inside the email) to fill out a detailed survey about their current infestation: (a) How often they were bitten (b) How often they see bedbugs (c) to rate the level of their infestation (d) to see if they have used any methods to deal with the infestation in the past, etc.. The website will then randomly assign (to make the study double blind) the individuals into two groups described earlier in this presentation. A simple random generator built into the website can accomplish this, that any second year IT student can write for under $100. The researchers will not be able to see the names, races, gender or any other information about any specific individual to remove any potential bias. Each of the individuals will also be assigned randomly to an exterminator, who will not know that individual is part of any experiment. (Calabrese, 2011) The post-study interviews will all be done via the internet so as to not inundate the individuals with unwanted visits or telephone calls. The individuals who participated in the study will receive emails with a link to fill out the qualitative parts of the study, which will ask them not only to rate how they feel (using their own words) about their current bedbug situation but the overall experience. In case of Group A, the questions will include (a) describe the ease/difficulty in applying the DIY products (b) Did they cause a mess? (c) How they felt about the infestation a week later, 2 weeks later, 1 month later (d) Would they recommend it to their friends and why? McKnight, 2011) The use of web based technology would make the entire process more comfortable and may result in more honest answers since the questions will be answered at the convenience of each individual who participated in the experiment and not at the convenience of the organizers of the experiment. The final data will also be much easier to break up and analyze since every response will be stored in the database and thus the final data could be bro ken down and correlated using a vast array of different scientific approaches. Reference http://www.economywatch.com/world-industries/steel-industry/trends.html

Mining in the Philippines Essay

A. Introduction The Philippine Government believes that a well-developed minerals industry is an option that can catalyze economic development and community empowerment. Minerals are part of its national patrimony, hence there is a big responsibility to maximize the benefits that can be derived from their utilization with due regard to the protection of the environment and without sacrificing the interests of communities. The legal and administrative framework governing the minerals industry in the Philippines is contained in Republic Act No. 7942 (otherwise known as the Philippine Mining Act of 1995) and given flesh by its revised implementing rules and regulations (Administrative Order No. 96-40) and its subsequent amendments. These policies advocate the sustainable development of mineral resources in the country. While both the Mining Act and its regulations provide a strong focus on environmental and social management, they continue to be the subject of debate by some non-government organizations who are questioning the compatibility of extraction and utilization of minerals with sustainable development. Also, they have questioned the constitutionality of the major provisions of the Mining Act governing the participation of foreign-owned corporations in the exploration, development and utilization of these mineral resources by filing a case at the Supreme Court in February, 1997. After eight years of study, the high court initially decided to sustain the charge of the contesting parties. However, after successful presentation of arguments by Government and industry on the merits of allowing foreign investors to participate in the development of the minerals industry, the case was finally resolved in December 1, 2004 when the high court reversed its earlier decision and upheld the constitutionality of the contested provisions in the Mining Act. With this legal impediment removed, exploration and development activities in the Philippine minerals industry is due to become vibrant once again. Compared to previous policy regimes on mining, the Mining Act calls for a greater responsibility from Government and the industry. Mining companies are expected to work closer with stakeholders to improve the quality of life within the communities where they operate. As regulator, Government, on the other hand, has the responsibility of establishing and maintaining the enabling environment for a sustainable development of the industry. Minerals development in the country is led by no less than the President of the Republic of the Philippines. In her declaration of a policy shift in mining â€Å"from tolerance to promotion†, minerals development was elevated among the priority economic activities in the country during her presidential tenure. Early this year, she signed Executive Order No. 270 which approved a national policy agenda on revitalizing the minerals industry based on the principles of sustainable development. From this order, a Minerals Action Plan (MAP) was subsequently formulated by Government to chart a roadmap for the future development of the minerals industry. Minerals development is now an important component of the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan 2004-2010.

Estrogen and progesterone ( Advanced pharmacology) Essay

Estrogen and progesterone ( Advanced pharmacology) - Essay Example Pills containing progesterone also act by secreting thick cervical mucus which blocks the movement of the sperm beyond the cervix. There are many different types of progesterones like synthetic or oral progesterone, crinone, injectible progesterone and progesterone suppositories. Before recommending an oral contraceptive pill which is usually a combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) to the client, a detailed clinical history must be taken. The history should cover information like the previous and current medications taken by the client, herbal and over the counter remedies and drug usage. In case of women above 35 years and women with a history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, migraines, gall bladder disease and pulmonary hypertension, COCP recommendation should be avoided (Petitti, 2003). The oral contraceptive may either be a combination birth control pill or a minipill. The combination birth control pill contains both progestin and estrogen and different combinations of active and inactive pills which may be conventional or continuous dosing type. Progestin is the only constituent of the minipill. The combination birth control pills may be monophasic or triphasic. In case of a monophasic birth control pill, every active pill comprises of the same quantity of progestin and estrogen, whereas the triphasic combination birth control pill contains three different types of pills that contain different hormones taken for a period of 3 weeks. Other than oral contraceptives, there are also novel approaches available to prevent conception. Ortho evra is a trans-dermal patch that is worn on any region of the body like abdomen, buttocks, upper arm or upper torso except the breasts that delivers progestin and estrogen in an uninterrupted manner into the blood stream through the skin. Contraception is also achieved through depot specific injections. For instance, Depo provera is medroxyprogesterone acetate which could

Landmines in Vietnam and War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Landmines in Vietnam and War - Research Paper Example Claiming over five hundred victims a week, landmines are weapons of mass destruction in slow motion† (Relief Web 2011). It can be clearly seen that landmines have become a threat in the society and should be removed on humanitarian grounds. U.S participation in Vietnam was extremely controversial and consequently it was considered to be an awfully unstable country during the late 1950’s and 1960’s. All through the Vietnam War, landmines were utilized by the United States plus the North South Vietnamese military. Majority of the landmines were placed intentionally and were created commercially by china and the U.S, yet, as a minimum one- third of these were made spontaneously by locals. These landmines that Vietcong made were formed on the battleground with bamboos and volatile weapons of American armaments that did not detonate. Since the nature of the Vietnam War was guerilla, the conventional blockade theory of the landmine was no more applicable so as a result the armed forces invented a new use for those landmines. These landmines were released from the planes to occupy bigger areas as scattered landmine orderliness put in a new aspect to the grounds of mine war. According to Sarah Elizabeth â€Å"properly employed, scattered landmines provides the commander with a rapid, flexible and effective means for delaying, harassing, containing or canalizing the movement of enemy ground forces while simultaneously reducing the significant manpower and material requirement previously associated with the employment of landmines† this new method altered the use of landmines from being a protective and defending weapon to an offensive one. Landmines are distinctively ferocious in the time of recent or traditional war not just for the reason of their horrifying personal effect, but additionally because of their lasting societal and monetary obliteration. The Vietnam Battle rutted America opposed to communism and was an unforgettable model of a conflict that can be identified as a cold war. The mere thought of Vietnam beginning the procedure of changing to communism was unacceptable to America. As Johnson on 17, March, 1964 issued the national security memo that stated â€Å"to pressure an independent, non-Communist south Vietnam which is necessary to prevent all Southeast Asia from turning communist and prove to the rest of the world that communist wars of national liberation could be curtailed.† This statement eloquently provided the reason for the war in Vietnam and encouraged and intensified the American involvement (Smits 2007). By dropping these landmines from the plane the U.S military gained an advantage since they were able to scatter it over a large area. Moreover this new technique needed very less manpower since it only required a trained pilot. These landmines were positioned inside the territory of the enemy without the possibility of causalities of the American force. According to Mc Grath â€Å"usin g landmines as an offensive weapon by dropping them from airplanes enshrined the area-denial philosophy into military thinking.† The area denial viewpoint initially executed the region’s larger areas under war, futile to the opponent by layering it with weapons. It was anticipated that in 1965, seventy percent of sea killing was the consequence of the landmines and additional entraps created from these weapons. Vietnam

DD2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DD2 - Essay Example It’s only a small number of academics today who take themselves as racists, and if you called somebody a racist would be deemed offensive. Yet racism is almost found everywhere in various cultures, just as dangerous and pervasive as it was centuries ago.Currently, there seems to be lots of racism but few racist. How can we explain this paradox? Racism is a type of practice that has had tremendous and profound importance in the European society for several centuries. It has importance in the fact that it is a crucial aspect of the manner in which the European system of capitalism maintains itself. Racist practice, just like all practices has got a dominant group, system advantage ,cognized,justified,rationalized by either a theory or a system of belief and racial bigotry regarding reality’s nature and the appropriate behavior for this cognized reality. An academic racist in today’s world can be accused of believing in such things as objectification, biological, hereditary superiority of people of a certain ethnicity over persons of another particular race, implying that discrimination is rationalized, explained, justified, by the biological theory underlying. However nobody believes in this theory any more. In the world of today, we have few racists and more racism. Most academics are of the belief that the me mbers of what was known as inferior and marginalized races have an equal capacity of the so-called privileged races, but have not succeeded to make a realization of this capacity. Their culture has not permitted them to learn things that they need so that they can be treated equally. They have not endeavored to think rationally nor have they behaved in ways that are appropriate as social adults. Thus the issue here is culture and not biology, and naturally inequality will disappear with time. In the meantime however,

Academic Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic Skills - Essay Example The aim of education, then, is the full intellectual, moral and spiritual development of the student. Students should acquire discipline and self-mastery, possess mental skills and have a firm character and goodwill. These dispositions are to serve the proper ends of humankind. Clearly students need practical skills to navigate in the everyday world, but the main orientation is toward the ideal, perfect, transcendent realm which truly defines human existence. Planning is one of the academic skills which helps to organize the education and personal schedule. Planning bridges the gap from "where we are" to "where we want to go." It makes it possible for things to occur which would not otherwise happen. In an overall sense, planning is a function that is intellectually demanding and the most basic of all education functions. Planning should logically precede the execution of the educational goals and strategies of organizing, directing, and controlling. It is a function of management wh ich is unique in that it provides direction for all group effort. The purpose of planning is to provide a student with a framework in which decisions can be made which will have an impact on the learning process. A conscious effort to systematize the effort and to manage its evolution is preferable to an unmanaged and haphazard evolution. The basic planning problem is how to allocate the limited resources. The major benefits to be expected from planning include an improved sense of direction for the learning and a student himself, better performance, increased understanding of the learning and its purpose, earlier awareness of problems, and more effective decisions. Assessment allows a student to choose between alternative and find the most reliable and objective information. Assessment, analysis and synthesis are closely connected with planning seen as a process for setting future direction, a means to reduce risk, and a vehicle for training managers. It is also a process for making strategic decisions, a way to develop consensus among top managers, and a means to develop a written long-range plan. Strategic planning can be defined as a method of guiding studnets so that their decisions and actions affect the future of the education process in a consistent and rational manner, and in a way desired by top management. Planning, assessment and restricting helps me to study the course and effective use my time resources and skills. Planning/thinking entails tactica) planning--the planning of those actions to be taken to put strategies into effect. This type of planning answers the question of how to get the job done. It often consists of specific objectives accompanied by short narrative action plans. Assessment may have two diametrically opposed definitions. One is that it is the overall encompassing effort for total planning of a learning process, meaning that planning is merely a portion or "tool" of learning. Planning and restructuring are a part of the day-to-day implementation of an strategic plan. I suppose that I have a good planning and restructuring skills, but need some practice in assessment and analysis. These skills are s core of the effective management of change within the course. It is the implementation of strategies developed to determine a new direction for the personal development through transition, so it may fulfill its responsibilities in a rapidly changing environment. I suppose that planning is not visionary or futuristic thinking, but an example of process versus substance. Planning is the process that creates a balance between what is desired and what is possible. Assessment enables students to distinguish truly important decisions from less important ones

The Changing Role of Probation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Changing Role of Probation - Coursework Example However, in case a juvenile delinquent is confined in a detention center, he or she loses all sorts of teenage formalities. Additionally, teenagers encounter challenges while catching up with their education after they are released from detention centers. They deem it nonessential to go back to school. As such, it is true that GPS trackers play a vital role with regard to allowing teens to participate in normal life activities freely (Hess & Orthmann, 2011). On the contrary, various concerns have been raised about the effects GPS tracking devices on the offender’s privacy rights. Some experts stipulate that the GPS tracking technology creates a situation where the offender’s home serves as his prison. However, others fear that prevalent use of GPS tracking systems could result to a society there government authorities strictly monitor the movement of the citizens. However, these concerns are rarely discussed because GPS tracking is imposed with full consent of the participant. Therefore, it is true that GPS devices to not violate privacy rights of juvenile delinquents (Hess & Orthmann,

Community College Financial Aid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Community College Financial Aid - Essay Example Financial aid literally refers to "funding intended to help students pay tuition or other costs, such as room and board, for education at a college, university, or private school. General governmental funding for public education is not called financial aid, which refers to awards to specific individual students." (Wikipedia, 2006). The issue of financial aid - and community college financial aid in particular - is one which is subject to great interest and discussion. In order to come to a more understanding and intellectual viewpoint on this issue, the following questions must be answered: As all other financial aid opportunities, community college financial aid is used to assist those who are wishing to or who already are attending college classes, and who for whatever reason require assistance for the cost of their schooling. Financial aid in this forum is incredibly helpful, especially due to the fact that the results are inevitably positive; it allows those who are less fortunate have a chance to further their career, something which they may not have been able to do beforehand. Financial aid in this particular regards can be used in various ways; books, tuition, housing, or even often times all of the above - the amount of offered financial aid may vary, as well as the factors which it is to be used for. There are several different types of financial aid, which specifically may be classified into two types based on the literal criteria through which the financial aid is awarded. The two types focused on here are merit-based and need-based. The first - merit-based scholarships - are typically awarded for such things as outstanding academic achievements, and can also be awarded for things such as special talents, leadership potential, and other personal characteristics. There are four crucial things which must be known in regards to merit-based scholarships. First, you need to know which schools offer these scholarships. As well, you need to know when and how to apply for each scholarship, as deadlines are critical. Also, parents and students must keep merit scholarships in perspective. "Regardless of what you might hear, merit scholarships

A Reflective Analysis on the Assessment and Management for ankle Essay - 1

A Reflective Analysis on the Assessment and Management for ankle injury - Essay Example The aim was not only to see the patient receiving the most suitable treatment for his condition, but also to consider such matters as how could he have been treated somewhat differently for an optimal outcome and how can similar injuries be prevented in the future. When considering this patient’s case reflectively the Gibbs model was chosen (1988). This well established model was chosen because it follows logically , and includes such things as evaluation and analysis, and also allows for the fact that the problem might recur, as is common in ankle injuries. The practitioner as they reflect, learn while doing. A patient in his early 20s walked in at the UCC with a contused left ankle. He said that he acquired the injury while playing soccer and the swelling and reaction present indicated that he was in great pain. The patient responded to questions in order to identify the cause of the injury, and the next cause of action. An ankle injury occurs when there is overstretching of ligaments beyond their ability, therefore causing a tearing (Stephens, Pait, & Sheehan, 2003). Following the OTTAWA ankle rules, not all ankle springs require XRAY, especially where there are no suspected fractures (McKeag & Moeller, 2007, p. 502). However, the clinician did make an exemption in this case because there was a swelling on the left ankle and the condition would not allow palpation of the bone. It was felt that if the patient had not continued playing at the initial stage when he first injured the ankle then there would not have been such swelling and the pain he was experiencing. Ankle sprain results from two situations; The inversion injury whereby the ankle turns inside as the ankle inverse and an injury due to external rotation (Buttaro, Trybulski, & Bailey, 2013 p.887). In order to determine the extent of the injury, which is a categorization the injury in a particular grade, a health practitioner carries out further

Belonging Speech Essay Example for Free

Belonging Speech Essay This is reflected through the anthology, â€Å"Immigrant chronicle† written by the Australian-Polish poet, Peter Skrzynecki. Through his knowledge but mainly his own experiences, Skrzynecki conveys the difficulties of belonging, not belonging and the barriers which prevent belonging. He has shown us how valuable a sense of belonging is to a foreigner, as it can emotionally alienate you from your family as w ell as battling to keep up with the forever changing society, famously remembered in the poem ‘Feliks Skrzynecki’. Similarly, in the dystopian novel â€Å"A clockwork orange† written by the English author Anthony Burgess, Alex is a criminal who doesn’t belong anywhere within society. Moreover, the two thousand and three children’s Pixar film â€Å"Finding Nemo† directed by the American, Andrew Stanton, shows the emotional discomfort of the protagonist, Nemo when he is captured and fretful Marlin as he incautiously journeys through the unknown waters to find his son. As we’ve noticed the notions of belonging and what it can provide us emotionally, the eulogy ‘Feliks Skrzynecki’ depicts the dissatisfaction of not belonging. Although the very first line of the poem, â€Å"my gentle father† shows a sign of acceptance and admiration of his father, Skrzynecki’s overall statement shows resentment, dissatisfaction and alienation, â€Å"Watched me pegging my tents further and further south of Hadrians Wall†, Hadrians Wall used as a symbol comparing the differences of his culture and heritage with his father. Likewise the poem ’Migrant hostel’ was written in Parkes, 1949-51, which happened to be during the time of ‘White Australia’ policy. The fact Skrzynecki wrote this poem in ‘Parkes’ he was only further alienating him from where he is and it creates a barrier to society which can damage him emotionally. The first stanza Skrzynecki expresses isolation, dehumanisation, uncertainty and curiosity. That was the environment Skrzynecki lived in for two years. â€Å"Like a homing pigeon† Skrzynecki lived in the chaotic hostel crossing paths with the people he shared a room with. The hostel became a place for everyone to rest which formed a sense of belonging as the reason why they are there together was driven â€Å"By memories of hunger and hate†. To belong is to form a connection which will allow a sense of identity, without this we inevitably lose our humanity, individuality, and the sense of freedom. This notion is elaborated within the novel, A Clockwork Orange, where the government attempts to suppress his criminality by physically preventing him from thinking of violence, making him conform to their standards. Equally, this conception is portrayed in the poem, ‘St Patricks College’. St Patricks College referred to as a microcosm of Alex’s futuristic city of London. Skrzynecki’s ironic imagery of â€Å"Our lady watched with outstretched arms, her face covered with clouds† and later our lady still â€Å"watching above unchanged by 8 years weather† not only questions the stability of concrete statues but imitates the similar involvements of Alex and the governments projects. This restricts Skrzyneckis potential to find a sense of identity as he is held in by Mother Mary with â€Å"outstretched arms†. Similarly, Alex unknowingly got brainwashed and lost his identity, resulting with Alex revolving into a ‘Clockwork Orange’. The loss of identity and individuality in both the novel and poem reinforces the impact a sense of not belonging can have on any human being. Finding Nemo is a complete portrayal of belonging and the fulfilment of emotional needs. The movie started off with a long shot, the whole scene capturing a sense of familial belonging between mother and father, very touchy, whilst looking lovingly over their eggs. After the incident with the barracuda, Marlin’s been scarred for life and becomes obsessed with protecting his surviving son Nemo from physical danger, immediately forming a sense of unity. Similarly, a dark and foreboding representation of a blockage for Marlin, the fish on the rock perhaps a symbol for his fears of what happened to Nemo. This representation is strengthened by the distant camera shot reflecting on Marlins detached connection with Nemo. A mixture of the notion of belonging and the act of over protection may lead to major conflicts and disagreements as the connections with whom you belong to continues to progress. This may result in defiance and the consequence can be much more unexpected than usual. Likewise, when Marlin appears and distrustfully gets in Nemos face or even approaching open water, he insults his son by once again denigrating Nemo’s swimming abilities. Nemo defiantly swims out to the â€Å"butt† and promptly slaps his fin on the boat after he’s been told by his father â€Å"If you put one fin on that boat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Nemo soon after realises his rebellious act was yet to be paid for as he get scooped up by a scuba diver and placed in a dentist’s fish tank. When Nemo and Marlin reunited, Marlin is given a second chance at parenthood. He allows more space, freedom, trust and respect, in return Marlin receives Nemo’s trust, forgiveness and love. We have noticed how a sense of belonging can fulfil such deep emotions, along with the ability of curing a damaged connection. Ultimately, a method to fulfil ones emotional needs can be achieved through a sense of belonging. This is shown in the anthology, â€Å"Immigrant Chronicle† written by Peter Skrzynecki, which highlights the significance of belonging. Likewise, the text â€Å"Clockwork Orange† written by Anthony Burgess depicts similar aspects of not belonging. Finally, the Pixar film â€Å"Finding Nemo† directed by Andrew Stanton portrays the different a possibilities that may come with defiance of experience, trust and belonging.

Voyages Essay Example for Free

Voyages Essay People dont always reach their goals, the result sometimes ends up being drastically different then what was originally planned. That situation has happened many times in transoceanic expeditions in the Early Modern Era. The following either reached their expected goal or resulted in something different then what was expected to happen. The first is voyages of Ming Admiral Zheng He. Zheng He led seven expeditions to the Indian Ocean. The expeditions established the Ming dynastys Indian Ocean trade links. He went on these seven voyages in serch of precious land and traded goods that he would bring back to his homeland in China. His voyages went smoothly, resulting in new finds of land and new trading goods that would be higly regarded in China where is was rare. Zheng He reached his goal and actually recieved higher than what was expected. The second is the Portuguese exploration of the coast of Africa. The Portuguese were curious about Africa and their goal was to explore the west coast of Africa and find rare treasures to trade and to convert the Africans to christianity. When they arrived on the West African Coast their curiosity dissapated and they soon realized they would enslave the Africans and have human trafficking of them take place from then on. Their goal was short and simple, to convert people to Christianity. Instead of reaching their goal they reached a new goal that was not planned. They expected different but were more than happy with the results that happend.

Advantages of Online Banking

Advantages of Online Banking Introduction In the recent years online banking has shot up where by making 21.5 million customers satisfied in using it easy, fast and most of all free services set up by banks in 2009 stated by the UK payments administration. All high tech banks offer the online banking system and most bank do not have branches only existing online. It is quite for a person to change to online banking, first the persons has to open an account with a bank or if they already have an account then just sign up for online banking with our current existing account. For security reasons the bank will provide we with a password which will enable us to activate our online banking system. These after they could log in any time they want. It is easy to open an online bank account and well worth the small amount of effort required. Even when some people are not that familiar with online applications, it is worth persisting through the process. The advantages of using online banking transactions include convenience, easier financial management, and time and cost savings. Even the environment benefits because vast quantities of paperwork doesnt need to be generated. Online banking transactions can simplify our life by reducing the stress of managing our bills and savings. They are easy to use and from the banks point of view, secure. We can have our pay deposited directly into our account and disburse it online. The old way of lining up in bank queues and keeping a track of paperwork is no longer necessary. All banks make it easier to manage our checking account by allowing our set up e-mail alerts so our can be notified when checks clear or when our balance slips below a certain level. There is also a detailed listing of our cancelled checks. Banks describe online banking as a powerful value added tool to attract and retain new customers while helping to eliminate costly paper handling, in an increasingly competitive banking environment. Nowdays, most large banks, many regional banks and even smaller banks and credit unions offer some form of online banking, variously known as PC banking, home banking, electronic banking or Internet banking. Advantages On Online Banking Online banking in this generation is becoming more and more common. Customers can do plenty of transaction just through Internet. Online banking also allows customers to keep track of record on our accounts. Customers can check on it in everywhere and anytime they want. Online banking makes their life easier and faster. Below are a few advantages of using online banking: 1. Pay Your Bills Online For the past 5 years back, bank allowing their customers to pay their bills online. By paying their bills online, customers are starting to eliminate the method by post. It is faster and users are allowed to know did their payment made or not. Customers will just have to register once and they are allowed to use it in everywhere. The banks may charge them a small amount of interest but it will be faster and immediately payment will be made. This will make their life much easier. 2. View Your Transactions Online banking does allow customers to view or check their history payment just in seconds. By now, they do not need to make phone calls to the bank and wait for the bank officer to check for our account. This also will be safer compare to make phone calls or send letters to check their payment. If any lost during the sending process by post, their password or ID will seen by strangers. 3. Transfer Money Between Accounts Online banking allows them to transfer money from one account to another account more quickly. Nowadays, many people are doing business and it may involve million millions of dollars. It will be safer if they can make transfer just from online banking. Online banking also can automated to the service centre that they are using example, phone bills, house loan, monthly purchasing newspaper and many others. 4. Download Banking Transactions If they are using ATM cards often this is a must to download their banking transactions to make sure the balances in their account are correct. This will make sure they are always on track with their account balances. They also do not have to worry about finding a place to keep all our receipts. 5. Protect Yourself Online Using online banking there are a few things that they have to take it serious. It is important that they have to protect their own informations. If they are downloading their account transaction from internet, they must remember to clear up the cookies. Passwords and user ID will seen by other people if they are not aware of this. It is very important to make sure they clear everything before they leave the website. Disadvantages Of Online Banking There are also disadvantages to online banking services. The biggest problem is that most people lack of trust, many people have doubts about the transaction, how can people believe a machine, many things can go wrong during the process. How many times have you performed transactions online and wondered whether you did the right thing? Of course, we can overcome the problem by printing the transaction receipt. This receipt will conform whether the transaction has gone through successfully. Online banking can be difficult to learn for a beginner and a site could take time to start up. Some sites ask for photo identification, which can be very inconvenient. Many people have poor eyesight. Most online banking sites provide tutorials for online banking. Some sites provide live online customer support to provide solutions for all the problems. The cases of online banking frauds are considerably low so we dont have to worry about the safety of our money. For some people, online banking is very convenient and useful, there is also people who afraid to handle the banking system. All these have been taken care of now, most banks have now started offering online banking services and a manual transaction could be done also. Maybank Online Banking Malayan Banking Berhad or Maybank is the biggest commercial bank in Malaysia. It holds many financial holders in Malaysia as well as internationally, including Indonesia and Singapore. It was founded by Tan Sri Khoo Teck Puat in 1960. Maybank has grown to the competitive advantage over the years and has more thank 300 branches in Malaysia alone. Few ages ago, the client of Maybank had to at all times go to the Maybank centre and wait for long queues to do their transaction. Nowadays, Maybank is reaching to the top and has become the first commercial bank in Malaysia to run its own on-line banking system. Maybank2u.com was created in early 2001. Not too long after that, many banking institution now has followed Maybanks step to on-line transaction. Maybank2u.com offers outstanding services to its clients, such as internet banking, on-line Islamic banking, as well as services for credit and charge cards holders, and many more. Of the entire services offer by Maybank2u busiest service is the on-line banking transaction. These consist of making payments and transferring funds by the internet. Maybank2u.com runs their own policy under the Maybank Berhad terms and regulations to make sure the security of their service is reliable to the clients. Although the security policy is not publicly stated, as it is confidential, the same security policy is being used in each and every Maybank branches in the world. This is to ensure the safety of the clients information and their satisfaction. It is clear that Maybank2u uses the Transaction Processing System (TPS) for their general information system. A Transaction Processing System (TPS) is a type of information system that helps to collect, modifies stores and retrieves collection of data transaction of an individual entity as well as an enterprise. E-business, e-commerce or other commercial businesses depend on the data reliability of their transaction processing system. This is to make sure that their client get what was asked for and payment are made on time. With Maybank2u, any kind of transaction can be made there and then. It is very time efficient especially for busy people. Transaction processing system involves the financial department. This is because most transaction occur within Maybank2u revolves around cash, credit, charges and account balances. Financial department are responsible on knowing what goes in and out of the bank and clients account. Transaction Processing System The transaction processing system offers features that could relieve enterprise transaction system to process data transactions faster in order to manage the whole enterprise data. There are particular characteristics to operate transaction processing system. A TPS is a very fast way to processing transaction virtually and is very reliable as it is designed with safeguards to manage disaster attack, so customers will not worry of data loss during a sudden disaster. It can easily be retrieved using the customers id and password at the particular service centre. Not only it is reliable, TPS is also standardized by the Transaction Processing Performance Council, meaning that the system will always process every transaction made by the user with the same way every time there is a transaction. This is to ensure the security of the system. Restricted access is implemented to TPS, so that it can only be used by the employees authorized by the system to avoid system errors. There are two types of transaction, which are batch time processing and real time processing. Batch time processing differs from real time processing because batch time processing only processes transactions once a month automatically and stores the resources later for future transaction. This is usually needed when processing credit card transaction. Meanwhile, real time processing is the kind that will update every transaction made immediately. This is important because when a withdrawal of money is being made, bank and customers account need to be updated immediately so that both parties can keep track of their funds. Therefore, both types of transaction are being applied by Maybank2u to serve the public in giving what they need. Another TPS characteristic is its durability which means that when the transaction is successful, no further changes can be made. However, in any case of failure of the system, a log will be created to store all the transaction that has been completed. Th ese common characteristic of a Transaction Processing System will make sure that the system is run systematically and standardized. Security System Nevertheless, security is a major priority to every big enterprises, especially successful commercial banking. There is a lot of security issues involved especially with dealing with on-line transaction such as purchasing items or paying for services on-line. One of the main security threats of internet banking is identity fraud. Identity fraud is not a new threat, as it has been mentioned most of the time. But, there are still people who refuse to follow rules made out to avoid this type of threat. Some retailers and stores are lacking the awareness of identity fraud. Most cases of identity fraud are having their pin code or password duplicated. Purchases by credit and charges card are made by other people but not by the genuine owner or the account. This kind of behaviour can happen anywhere at any time, especially when shopping on-line, purchasing airline and movie tickets. Maybank2u is ready for this kind of situation. For example, before processing a payment, it is shown above to the users on how to find the billing account number, so that the client will not accidentally input the wrong account number. To avoid identity thief or any other kind of identity mischief, Maybank2u requires a Transaction Authorisation Code (TAC) to undergo the payment process .Therefore, in each and every transaction made by the user, a TAC will be sent to the clients cell phone number, and once received it should be input within 2 hours into the TAC box before completing the process. The Transaction Authorisation Code will automatically expire every 2 hours to avoid any security breach to the account. When the transaction is processed is successful, it will be automatically saved into the Maybank2u.com transaction history for future user reference. Its payment receipt can also be printed for keeps. Maybank has introduced this system to be used in all Maybank centres worldwide. Maybank2u.com requires only easy set up in creating a maybank2u.com account. User can log in using their existing Maybank account. However, user needs to create an on-line password and user name to access their existing bank account. By logging into the system, meaning that the user of the account is aware of the terms and condition applied by Maybank2u.com, and is aware that the site is secure as shown on the top right of the website. Once logged in, user can access everything regarding of their account information, such as account balance, transaction history, Maybank debit transactions and banking statements. The most interesting thing about Maybank2u is that the client can access their account from home, office or anywhere with an internet connection, without worrying about the hustle of waiting especially on busy hours. Best part is, the site offers billing payment services to all main general services. Almost 300 major payees are now available including Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor (SYABAS), Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), Telekom Malaysia Berhad, MAXIS and ASTRO. It is wise to say Maybank has chosen a great transaction processing system in order to fulfill all its clients need just by one click a way. Instructions On How To Use Maybank2u Step 1. For Maybank customers, simply just create a Maybank2u username and password at the nearest ATM machine. For Non Maybank customers, the first step is to open up a Maybank bank account at the nearest Maybank service centre before creating the Maybank2u username and password. Step 2. Go to www.maybank2u.com Step 3 At the top right hand side of the website, theres an access to the login page. Click the login icon and it will direct the user to the login page. Log in as a first time user using the username and password created from Maybank ATM machine. Step 4. Once logged in, customers can access the entire account. The customer can now process their transactions by following the instructions. However, for customers that log in using public or shared computers, dare to be reminded to log out properly to avoid another mischief of identity fraud. Maybank2u also add a logout summary to guide users of Maybank2u on how to safely logout from the site Conclusion Looking at the research done we can come to a conclusion that online banking has make everyones lives easy and convenient and mostly saving a lot of their time when it comes to banking. There are a few false in online banking but there are more advantages of using online banking. In todays world technology has improved vastly and many banks have taken the upper hand on it and made banking not only banking paying bills, doing transactions, checking account balances and even online shopping easy for their customers convenience.

Directing a Scene from Act 3 of the The Crucible by Arthur Miller :: Essay on The Crucible

I will be directing a scene from Act 3, of the play The Crucible by Arthur Miller. The Crucible - Hello, my name is ...................................., and today I will be directing a scene from Act 3, of the play 'The Crucible' by Arthur Miller. Act 3 is probably the most interesting and important acts of the play, and I'm looking forward to writing it in the way I perceive it. The scene I've chosen is from when the girls enter the court room, to when Proctor says he beleives Abigail a murderer. I feel this scene is full of tension, and many different twists which will make it fun to plan and direct. The scene starts with Cheever entering the court with Sussanna Walcott, Mercy Lewis, Betty Parris and Abigail Williams. They are wearing dark grey dresses, slightly worn, with white aprons and hats. This is to show how Puritan ways were, as they beleived in wearing dull colurs to show their loyalty to God, and to show that they will not 'party' as they did not like anything 'out of the ordinary' and didn't even celebrate Christmas. The girls look solemn, and look very much like 'children'. They will walk in with slight puzzlement on their faces to show they do not know why they have been summoned, but Abigails face will twitch slightly when she sees Proctor. Abigail loves Proctor, and wonders why he is here. She had once said to him 'John - I am waitin' for you every night' meaning she desires him, and wishes him no harm. The first line is said by Cheever. 'Ruth Putnam's not in the court, sir, nor the other children' he says as he wzlks up to Danforth, leaving the girls behind him. He doesn't want to be near the girls,as everyone, including him, fear them. They have power, and can accuse him of being involved in witchcraft if he does anything they do not like. Danforth then walks up to them, and instructs them to 'sit you down children.' He has a sense of authority in his voice and says 'children' because they are very precious and pure to him, but as we've seen in Act 1, Abigail is not a child. She resents it when people call her that, especially Proctor, and replies 'how do you call me a child' showing her anger and frustration of the label. However, Abigail will sit down as commanded and will not flinch because Danforth is of high superior, and holds her life in his hands. The girls sit on the left side of the room, furthest from the door, so

The Hazards of Ocean Pollution Essay -- Ocean Pollution

The Hazards of Ocean Pollution Basic Facts Ocean Pollution is a serious issue in today's global politics. The delicate balance of Earth's ecosystem is put in jeopardy when the ocean is not clean. Problem evolving from ocean pollution directly harm marine life and indirectly affect human health and the Earth's many valuable resources. Ocean Pollution is a Broad term that encpompasses any and all foregin matter that directly or indirectly makes its way into the ocean. This includes everything from the extreme: oil spills, Toxic Waste dumping and industrial dumping-- to the small scael: human activities and basic carelessness. Because the oceans and all other water bodies are invariably, somehow connected, and because they account for 3/4 of the Earth's surface, they are an ideal method of transportation for pollution, allowing the rapid spread of seemingly far away toxins into a river near you! It is increasingly important that we educate ourselves as to what, exactly, ocean pollution is, so that we can identify the causes at t heir source and take action in small and large ways, and hopefully, prevent this terrible form of pollution from getting any worse than it is today. Oil Leaks and Spills Because it is the most highly publicized of the different forms of ocean pollution, oil spills, oil leakages, and general oil contamination are something that we all seem to be aware of. Since the Exxon Valdez incident, the American public in particular has been more and more critical of oil companies.Each year, over 700 million gallons of oil end up in the ocean. Contrary to what you may have thought, most oil pollution doesn't come from tanker accidents. In fact, tanker accidents account for less than 90 million of the g... ... In 1995, an important event marked a victory for the national GreenPeace organization, and for humans alike. The Brent Spar oil installation was not allowed to be dumped into the ocean. The importance of this decision lied in the fact that there were over 600 oil installations that would someday expire just as the Brent Spar had. When the decision was made to not allow the dumping, it set a precident that the other installations would not be allowed to be dumped, either. The main source of ocean dumping is sewage sludge. The sewage pipes and storm drains often share space. Heavy rainfall can flood these pipes, causing the contents to mix and overflow. After that, waste can be carried along with storm water, into nearby water sources. Harmfull Effects of Ocean dumping include animals in danger with trash in their habitat, as well as contamination of public waters. The Hazards of Ocean Pollution Essay -- Ocean Pollution The Hazards of Ocean Pollution Basic Facts Ocean Pollution is a serious issue in today's global politics. The delicate balance of Earth's ecosystem is put in jeopardy when the ocean is not clean. Problem evolving from ocean pollution directly harm marine life and indirectly affect human health and the Earth's many valuable resources. Ocean Pollution is a Broad term that encpompasses any and all foregin matter that directly or indirectly makes its way into the ocean. This includes everything from the extreme: oil spills, Toxic Waste dumping and industrial dumping-- to the small scael: human activities and basic carelessness. Because the oceans and all other water bodies are invariably, somehow connected, and because they account for 3/4 of the Earth's surface, they are an ideal method of transportation for pollution, allowing the rapid spread of seemingly far away toxins into a river near you! It is increasingly important that we educate ourselves as to what, exactly, ocean pollution is, so that we can identify the causes at t heir source and take action in small and large ways, and hopefully, prevent this terrible form of pollution from getting any worse than it is today. Oil Leaks and Spills Because it is the most highly publicized of the different forms of ocean pollution, oil spills, oil leakages, and general oil contamination are something that we all seem to be aware of. Since the Exxon Valdez incident, the American public in particular has been more and more critical of oil companies.Each year, over 700 million gallons of oil end up in the ocean. Contrary to what you may have thought, most oil pollution doesn't come from tanker accidents. In fact, tanker accidents account for less than 90 million of the g... ... In 1995, an important event marked a victory for the national GreenPeace organization, and for humans alike. The Brent Spar oil installation was not allowed to be dumped into the ocean. The importance of this decision lied in the fact that there were over 600 oil installations that would someday expire just as the Brent Spar had. When the decision was made to not allow the dumping, it set a precident that the other installations would not be allowed to be dumped, either. The main source of ocean dumping is sewage sludge. The sewage pipes and storm drains often share space. Heavy rainfall can flood these pipes, causing the contents to mix and overflow. After that, waste can be carried along with storm water, into nearby water sources. Harmfull Effects of Ocean dumping include animals in danger with trash in their habitat, as well as contamination of public waters.

Octavians Journey to Become Augustus :: essays research papers

Octavian was born in Rome on September 23, 63 BC. He was given the name Gaius Octavius, however, he would not keep this name for long. His father, who shared his name, came from a respectable although undistinguished family and was governor of Macedonia. In terms of his rise to power, Octavian’s most important immediate family member was his mother, Atia, who was the niece of Julius Caesar, who would soon be Rome’s greatest and most successful general and Dictator. When Octavian was four years old, his father died so he spent most of his childhood with his stepfather Lucius Marcius Philippus. When he was 15 he was elected to the College of Pontiffs where Caesar requested that Octavius join his staff for hi campaign in Africa. Although he didn’t go to Africa with Caesar, the following year, he attempted to join Caesar in Spain to fight the forces of Pompey, however he fell ill and couldn’t go. When he finally recovered, he sailed to meet Caesar, only to be shipwrecked, however this did not stop Octavius, he traveled across hostile territory to Caesar’s camp, which greatly impressed Caesar. Octavius joined Caesar on the return home in which Caesar secretly changed his will to make Octavian his successor. On 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated, and his will revealed that Caesar had adopted his great-nephew Octavius as his son, making him the heir to the thrown. This meant that Octavian’s name was to be changed to Gaius Julius Caesar. When Octavian returned to Rome, he found it being led by Mark Antony and Aemilius Lepidus. Octavian failed to convince Marc Antony to hand over Caesar’s assets and documents, however he was recruited into the senate and when Antony left Rome to take command in northern Italy, Octavian made war on Antony who was defeated and fled to Gaul. Now the senate had lost control over Octavian who marched on Rome and forced the senate to accept him as consul. Three months later, he completely cut off the senates’ power. In 40 BC, stated by the Treaty of Brundisium. The Roman Empire was to be divided between Marc Antony and Octavian, Marc Antony taking the east and Octavian taking the west. Eventually, Octavian became angry with Antony, and read his will to the public, which promised large inheritances to his children but also said that if he die, his body be moved to Egypt.

How These Bible Verses Affect Me

The Bible is a written collection of scriptures with divine inspiration to be lead and guided by the Holy Spirit. I can say that these Sacred Scriptures of God are representation of our life. â€Å"Death and life are In the power of the tongue: and they that love It shall eat the fruit thereof. † Proverbs 18:21 Every word that comes out from our mouth is powerful enough to make an impact on our life. In my own experience, I have witnessed the agony and the pain that pinches my heart every time others utter vile words without considering my feelings.Deep inside, dejection and sadness swallow up my entire being alive. Sure, jokes are funny, but there are times that they have completely crossed the line. From then on, I told myself, ‘l must stand up and fight for myself. ‘ That is why every time see people bullied by others; I was like glaring at my own reflection. I know what they feel. Ergo, I should help and reach out my hand for them. Whilst on the other hand, I r ealized that I myself too should also be mindful and watchful of the words I say, for my actions, words, and deeds will come back to me.They will reflect on my personality and will describe who I really am. As stated In the Golden Rule: â€Å"Do not do unto other hat you don't want others do unto you†. â€Å"For I am sure that neither death nor life, nor angels nor rulers, nor things present nor things to come, nor powers, nor height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord. † Romans 8:38-39 As I venture my Journey, my life, obstacles keep on blocking my way.As I step farther, hurdles and trials hinder me from going to the right path. Along my way, I may often trip and even fall flat onto the ground; but I never give up, hence continuing what I ought to be. Life Is a coin with its two sides–pleasure and pain. Only one can become visible at a time. However, remember, the other side has its turn. Problems may arouse, as well as sorrow and frustration may ramp on your elite.On the other hand, I believe that even In the darkest nights of my life, there Is always the brighter side that will help me seek for hope and give me the strength to persevere and overcome all of these. Nevertheless, they would not be possible without the presence of the love of God in Jesus Christ, our Lord. His unconditional love gives me strength, wisdom, hope, and the spirit to surpass all these hindrances that comes beneath me. My elite, bounded by in his spirit, is always present in our midst, thus, will never separate me from Him.He is the savior that will guide and save me from being lost. These two verses, analogous to what I experienced and learned, gave a huge impact in my life. I should respect the people around me and should treat each other equally. If you ask me, one should never hurt others; and never say words that will offend them. God is always there for me, guiding, helping and never leaving my side. No one can separate me from God, for being with Him is my destiny and that will be my way towards salvation.

Cultivation Analysis: an Overview

Cultivation Analysis: On Overview The complete scope of the effects that new media mediums, in particular television, have had on culture and individuals in society are hard to identify. However, it would be hard to argue that television has had no impact on society and how individuals form their values, beliefs, cultural identity and social norms. Cultivation Analysis is a leading theory that explains how television has shaped individual’s and society’s perspective on reality, truths and the world in general.The theory was developed over a number of years by George Gerbner and his colleague Larry Goss at the University of Pennsylvania while they were researching the cultivated impacts that television has on viewers. Gerbner and Goss found that the more time individuals â€Å"live† in a televised world the more they perceive the world television portrays as reality. Gerbner states in his more recent research that television is to the modern world what religion wa s to earlier generations (Gerbner & Goss, 1976).The theory of Cultivation Analysis traces back to the Cultural Indicators Project in 1967 and 1968. The study was for the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. The study was sponsored by the U. S. Surgeon General’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior, the National Institute of Mental Health, The White House Office of Telecommunications Policy, the American Medical Association, the U. S. Administration on Aging, and the National Science Foundation. Gerbner was the lead theorist of the study.Gerbner and his team investigated the extent to which television contributed to viewers’ ideas and perspectives on gender, minority and age-role stereotypes, health, science, the family, education, politics, religion and several other topics. The Cultural Indicators Project involved a three-pronged research strategy. The first prong, called institutional process analysis, was designed to investigate how policies directing the massive flow of media were developed. The second prong is an on-going research project that has recorded weeklong samples of U. S. etwork television dramas. A content analysis of the samples is done in order to classify trends and themes in the world that television presents to its viewers. The third prong deals with examining the responses to questions about social reality among individuals with varying amounts of television exposure. The three prongs used in the Cultural Indicators Project were used to help Gerbner and Goss do research for the development of Cultivation Analysis (Gerbner, 1998). Providing explanation for the terminology used in Cultivation Analysis is crucial to understand the theory.Gerbner uses the concept of â€Å"cultivation† to refer to the independent contribution that television has on its viewers as they make sense of social reality. The term â€Å"cultivation differential† refers to the marginal diff erence between heavy and light television viewers and their conception of social reality. The term cultivation cannot simply be substituted for â€Å"effects. † Cultivation also does not imply a one-way process. The cultivation process explains that there is an interaction between the medium, television, and its publics, television viewers.Television does not simply just create or reflect certain images, opinions or beliefs but rather is an integral aspect of a dynamic process. Institutions that control the creation and distribution of the mass-produced messages on television use the institution’s needs and objectives to shape the views, values and ideas expressed. Gerbner refers to cultivation as a gravitational process. The process depends on where groups of viewers are, viewers style of life and the strength of their personal beliefs, values and view of social reality (Gerbner & Goss, 1976).Cultivation Analysis begins with a message system analysis that identifies t he most recurring, stable and overarching patterns in television content. They are the messages in television that are presented as a system rather than as a specific message in a particular program. Using standard techniques of survey methodology, questions are then posed to sample groups of adults, teens and/or children. Multiple indicators determine the amount of time spent watching television. The difference between heavy and light viewing is made on a case-by-case basis.Cultivation is also dependent on how much television’s messages dominate viewers’ sources of information. The process of mainstreaming stands out as both an indicator of differential vulnerability and as a general pattern that represents the consequences of living with television (Gerbner, 1998). In 1976, George Gerbner and Larry Goss discuss the findings of Cultivation Analysis, which helped with the development of the theory. Gerbner and Goss found differences between symbolic reality and indepen dently observable reality. For example, they found that television underrepresents elderly people (when at the time the lderly population was the fastest growing). They found that the facts of the television world are learned quite well, regardless of whether the viewer believes what they see on television and claim to be able to distinguish between factual and fictional presentations. In this essay, they develop the term â€Å"mean world syndrome. † The term means that heavy viewers of television believe the world to be much more violent and dangerous than in reality. This is a good example of what the theory of cultivation analysis represents. If people are exposed to high amounts of television, it causes them to have a false sense of reality.In television, half of all majors characters encounter a violent action each week, when in reality the FBI reported that only one percent of people in the United States are victims of criminal violence (Gerbner & Goss, 1976). Cultivati on Analysis is a complex and dynamic process. The theory can be defined as the assumption that television cultivates facts, norms and values of society that are in reality, untrue. Cultivation Analysis focuses on the consequences of long-term exposure to the messages, stories and images presented in television.Cultivation Analysis should not be seen as a substitute, but as a complement to traditional approaches to media effects. It concentrates on the powerful and lasting effects of growing up in an era of television. The theory is still being challenged, confirmed, added to and expanded on by many theorist and scholars in the fields of communication and psychology (Gerbner, 1998). References: Gerbner, G. (1998). Cultivation analysis: An overview. Mass Communications & Society, 3(4), 175-194. Gerbner, G. , & Goss, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communications, 26(2), 172-194.

Dogs as Pets

Dogs, simply put, are man’s best friend. These fantastic creatures are extremely loving and undeniably loyal. Both dogs and humans are happier if we are around each other. A great deal of dog owners make their dogs a significant part of their family. Having a dog in your life awards you with numerous benefits. Dogs provide their owners with companionship and relief from loneliness, mental health benefits, physical health benefits and exercise options, built in home security, pleasure in knowing you’re caring for a living creature, and complete unconditional love. Companionship is probably the number one reason people adopt a dog. You know when you come home everyday you will always have a happy soul there to greet you. Whether you need someone to accompany you on a ride in the car, if you’re craving a little cuddling in your bed or company on the couch watching television your dog will always be there for you. When you own a dog you are never alone. In fact, just walking from room to room in your home you’ll be followed. When human beings disappoint you and you feel as you have no one you can spend time with you can always count on your canine. The loyalty of dogs is amazing and they always want to be by your side. There are many other benefits to owning a dog but for sure your dog will become your side kick. Dog ownership can have a very concrete effect on your mental and emotional well being. Just the fact that with a dog you never feel alone is totally beneficial to your mental state. Being alone can often lead to depression, and owning a dog can cure or reduce those feelings. It is reported that dogs elevate serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain which control pleasure and calming feelings. With these feelings comes a happier existence and lower stress levels. Besides the mental health benefits, having a low stress life can lead to physical benefits as well. Dogs can also be profitable to your physical body. Many studies show that dog owners have lower levels of cholesterol. Other studies reveal people who own dogs have lower blood pressure levels than someone that does not own a dog. Possibly this could be do to dog’s stress reducing capabilities. Also, studies have shown that people who own dogs have lower levels of anxiety during stressful situations than pet free people. Another added plus to owning a dog is a reason to exercise. If you are a responsible owner walking your dog is a necessity. While exercising your dog you are also exercising yourself, which is obviously beneficial. For many years people have studied the physical influence dogs have over people. All studies conclude that dog ownership has solid and substantial impact on the human body. Besides biological benefits, home security is another factor dogs play a part in. A dog can hear things that we as humans cannot hear. Anyone who owns a dog knows that no one or nothing can get five feet from their house without their dog alerting them to that fact. If a potential burglar is considering your home for a break in and they hear a dog barking, they will most definitely not go through with it. While a professional alarm system is subject to electrical and programming failures, a dog’s innate sense to protect their territory will never fail. A dog’s need to defend their home and owners is an integral part of their being. Owning a dog can make you sleep good at night and you can always rely on this failure safe means of security. People need security for their homes, but also need security for their souls. It is possible that human beings have a distinct need to care for living beings. Especially people without children, a dog can be like a son or daughter to its owner. Providing for and taking care of something that completely depends on you can create great comfort. Owning a dog can give someone great purpose and meaning in their life. In payment for taking care of your dog, he will give you complete unconditional love. No matter what your circumstances are your dog will always love you to the bitter end. Their love for you is automatic and definite. From the moment you pick them up and decide they are to become yours, they love you. As our life goes on our needs constantly evolve and change. However, love is something we need from the moment we are born until the die we die. And dogs will provide you much love as though that is their purpose on this earth. Dogs award human beings with many things. You will always have a friend you can count on. While human friends may come and go, your canine buddy will stand by your side forever. With this constant companionship comes a new mental state. Dog ownership can help you overcome depression, anxiety and stressful situations. While your mind is being soothed, your physical body can be assisted as well. By committing to physical exercise with your canine companion, you are living a healthier lifestyle. With added benefits of lower cholesterol and lower blood pressure, owning a dog can make your quality of life much better. The fact that your home is more secure because your dog will be protecting it will give anyone peace. Great purpose can be felt knowing your dog is completely relying on you. Just the feeling of total love your dog bestows on you will make your world a happier place. A dog can make your life complete. One cannot completely understand this statement if they don’t own a dog. A dog can and will make your life fuller, happier, safer, meaningful, and full of love. No wonder they call them man’s best friend.

Hate Crimes Essay

The subject of hate crimes has to the highest degree had an affect on the way in which people socialize with each other on a regular basis. The basic definition of a hate crime is just about any act of violent behavior or vocal laceration of a human being simply on the basis of his or her race, spiritual belief, or his or her sexuality. A vast number of other bases that have an influence on hate crime have been introduced which are dependants upon guiding principle in written laws. The problem of abhorrence has absolutely overwhelmed every single one of us with queries and wished-for responses on how and why a number of of these blasphemous acts have taken place in front of the entire world. It is usually believed by people that the hate is not endorsed but erudite by means of the background of a person in particular environments. Several other factors are believed to be stirring this emotion as well. These are inclusive of the placement of a person in society, devout practices, and antagonism in the business ways. Analysis Violent behavior aggravated by a partiality in opposition to victims’ distinctiveness which are inclusive of race, faith, cultural background, nationalized basis, sexual category, or sexual orientation, are problems that have posed an issue to the entire community. The Federal law has defined a hate crime as at whatever time a fatality is assaulted on the foundation of his or her race, civilization, religious conviction, sexual orientation, or sexual characteristics; hate wrongdoings are made in opposition to constituents of a meticulous group basically due to their association to that group. Statistics show to us that at a time when in one year about nine thousand one hundred hate crimes took place, â€Å"a review of the data by incident showed that all but 4 of the incidents were classified as single-bias (involving only one bias motivation). A breakdown of the single-bias incidents by the type of bias revealed that 51. 4 percent were motivated by racial bigotry, 17. 9 percent were caused by religious intolerance, 16. 6 percent were the result of a sexual-orientation bias, and 13. 7 percent were triggered by an ethnicity/national origin bias. The remainder involved a bias against a disability. † (FBI Releases, 2004). There is no guarantee that hate crimes can ever be stopped. But there are certain steps that can be taken so as to stop such heinous crimes from taking place. First of all, the Federal Laws need to be adjusted as they do not take in sexual orientation as a hate crime. What else is that The Hate Crimes Prevention Act (HCPA) should be made tougher with stronger punishments so that people would be scared of the law (Hate Crimes, 2006). Another very important aspect is that every single hate crime must be reported to the higher authorities as if the sufferer does not speak up when the crime has taken place, the offender just might be able to strike back at him or her or perhaps someone who belongs to the sufferers’ base of being attacked. Criminal justice administrators and state policy makers should come to become conscious that it is necessary to create or regulate hate crime legislation. This is an issue that has undergone much debate since a long time. The answer to resolving the ever-growing predicament of hate crimes is additional hate crime legislation. Conclusion The word â€Å"Hate Crime† is perhaps a rather expansive term that holds the basic meaning that hate crime is any offense where the executors’ narrow-mindedness in opposition to an individual collection of people is a feature in having an influence upon who would be the victim. These can be inclusive of race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation etc. the profile of a hate crime offender can vary at all times as they usually appear to be innocent people. The rules against hate crimes need to be stricter so as to help decrease the crime.

Big Brother

â€Å"Oh you’re Johnny’s little brother? You must be sick bro.† Not quite. He played like he was born with a stick in his hand. And he went through school like he already knew the answers. Having dyslexia, school has never been easy for me. But for him, he aced tests with no problem, could read a book in just a few days, and solved math problems like his brain was a calculator. â€Å"Oh you’re Johnny’s little brother? You must be so smart.† Not quite. Every teacher I had after him had huge expectations for me that i wasn’t able to meet. As I got older, I fell further and further behind my big brother in all of these places, and it was making me miserable. Then everything changed. Four years ago on Christmas morning I opened up that beautiful ukulele and start playing immediately. Of course, I wasn’t as good as my big brother was, but I was drawn to it like Winnie the Pooh and the last jar of honey. Months later, as my brother gained interest in other things, my passion took over. I realized that just because my big brother didn’t do something, doesn’t mean that I shouldn’t either. From that point on, I was obsessed with my own hobbies. I started yo-yoing, playing guitar, and tie-dying everything I could find. This realization also helped me with school, sports, and being happy in general. Instead of trying to get grades as good as my big brother, I worked the hardest I could, for me. And in lacrosse, I started having fun again. Instead of always comparing myself after a game, I would just enjoy my time playing with my friends. Now people say, â€Å"Oh you’re Johnny’s little brother? I’ve heard so much about you! What he taught me changed my life. My big brother didn’t inspire me to be the best, he inspired me to be different. To be my own person. To be me.

Attitudes 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Attitudes 2 - Essay Example Furthermore, this link is solid when attitudes are founded on individual capability and direct reflection. Attitudes are crucial to an individual`s significance system, thus as a result making some attitudes to be more significant than other. In addition, the connection between behavior and attitude is strong when the availability of people`s attitude is extraordinary. The availability of an attitude is the comfort people feel in perceiving what they think about something or their capacity to express their attitude. There are various aspects that affect availability or accessibility; these encompass anticipations, cognitive explanation, recency of activation, and regularity of stimulation. For instance, in the anticipation factor, a person is likely to think more when he or she knows he will have to assess an item in the future. Moreover, the extra task a person performs the stronger and accessible the attitude becomes concerning the cognitive expansion. Concerning regularity of activation, the more an individual thinks about something, the more accessible his or her attitude towards it will be. The attitudes are not consistent with the behavior concerning organ donation because social pressure. Thus, this can be strengt hened by the regularity activation, where the more a person thinks about donating an organ, the more likely he or she is bout to change his attitude and also sign up to be among the donors. Accordingly, it may also be solid when the likelihood of the public attractiveness is reduced. This implies that people may act in a different ways when not in public. Therefore, these are some of the examples demonstrating the inconsistence of attitudes with people`s

American Airlines (AMR Corporation) Research Paper

American Airlines (AMR Corporation) - Research Paper Example This is because the business of stock trade holds no assurances and one has the potential to either enjoy large amounts of profit from their trades or suffer huge amounts of loss as well if things do go as expected (DePamphilis, 2009). The public companies whose shares are involved in this trade are able to profit as well in terms of stock value, which has the potential to raise the value of their company in general. This is to say that, the higher the price of their stock, the higher the value of the company. Due to this relation, senior management in such companies tends to focus on stock prices and ways that they can be increased on the market in the short term so as to raise the value of the company. This can read to unethical behavior as a result as the management may be tempted to trick individuals into thinking that their stock is worth more than it is in actuality (Sandage, 2006). The increase in the value of stock leads to an increase in demand for the stock which in turn ra ises the value of the stock even higher and it is this co relation that may tempt senior management to tamper with realistic value of their stock so as to cause a rise in demand which will in effect actually raise the value of the stock as a result. ... By postponing this responsibility, the company was able to keep hold of the funds that would have been used for this activity and include it in the earnings reports that they put out. Thus, it would look like the company is doing better than it actually is as those studying the results would not be aware that the funds displayed were partly increased by the postponement of an expense which would have to be dealt with eventually. 2 Deferring the aircraft maintenance was harmful and unethical to both the shareholders of the company6 as well as the customers who used their services. This is because the company dealt in a very sensitive area of transport (air transport) where the good condition of the crafts used was essential in their everyday business. It was unethical to the shareholders as they were made to believe that the stock they owned was doing better than they thought through the manipulation of funds (DePamphilis, 2009). It also put them at risk of suffering losses should any accident have occurred as a result of shunning this maintenance responsibility as the stock value would have dropped drastically as a result. Their actions were even more dangerous to customers who used their services as they put their lives at risk through failing to perform scheduled maintenance on their aircrafts, which could have led to an accident that may have resulted in the loss of lives. This is a more serious offence than tricking those trading in shares into thinking that the company they have invested in is doing well and involved potentially more devastating results than the simple manipulation of earnings through other means. 3 In 2011, American Airlines decided to file for a Chapter 11 bankruptcy that the management saw was

Reaction Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Reaction Papers - Essay Example The reader evaluate if his society impacts positively or negatively on the general health of the existing population. In addition the article draws the attention of its reader to existing social factors that may influence the health of both the individual’s and the whole population. Moreover, this article draws concerns on whether it is individual socialization or the whole society’s integration that actually affects the health. Though the article is founded on strong foundations of the role of social networks in influence on health, it should be noted that individuals deal with stress related issues differently. These social supports are important but personal dealing of the situation is much more important. To conclude, this article has very strong arguments that should be considered in the future in order to deal with general health in any given society. It advocates for special emphasis in natural social interventions rather than depending on social support groups. Secondly, the article calls for various social environment interventions, like; increased social support within the existing social networks and, cutting on negative interactions (Cohen 676-682). This article, by Michael Lowe, is a critique to the existing weight loss programs in developed counties. Michael observes that these programs are founded on the equipotential intervention bases. As such they are short lived and therefore those engaged in such programs regain the weight lost in due course. The article consequently advances the need to utilize self-regulation methods as the appropriate means of achieving a stable degree of weight controls by individuals and the society as a whole. This article has a good base for its argument since it is only through behavioral checks that individuals can maintain a stable weight (Lowe 45s-59s). The study is developed from observations on the trends of obesity over the past decades. Further, this study considers various

Survey Research4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Survey Research4 - Essay Example The quality of service is said to be the gap between customer expectations and the actual performance they receive. (Parasuraman et al, 1994; Tsang and Qu, 2000). When customers are pleased with the service they receive, they are likely to patronize the hotel again and again, which reduces advertising costs. In particular, previous studies have shown that the quality of service offered by front line personnel has a great impact on levels of customer satisfaction (Dunaway, 2002: McKenna, 2002). Furthermore, customer loyalty at hotels may be largely dependent on the quality of housekeeping services and the room itself. (Kandampully and Suhartanto, 2000; Parasuraman et al, 1991). These are some of the important elements that have been identified in the literature as contributing to customer perception of quality in service. In developing a survey instrument, McDowell(2006) points out that the method used must set out a comparison between the theory vs the reality, which is the need identified that is to be examined in the survey. In this case, the theory identifies two important elements that are crucial in customer perception of service. They are (a) the quality of front line services and (b) the room and housekeeping services. The need identified in this study is to examine how these elements may be applicable specifically in four star hotels. On the basis of this, the survey instrument is to be designed.(McDowell, 2006:30-54). In developing face validity for the questionnaire, it is necessary to address the following aspects – what is the need to test the items through the survey? Why do we need to ask these questions and how should they be asked? In this survey, the need that has been identified is that of testing perception of service quality in four-star hotels. The service quality is very important because four-star hotels are more expensive, therefore customers expect higher levels of service from these hotels. As a result, it is

Project study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project study - Essay Example The tourism and leisure sector has hugely varied career opportunities, ranging from management of hotels or sports centres, to managing logistics for exhibitions and organising holiday adventures. University courses in Tourism and Leisure Management are diverse, which allows the student to learn and master different professional skills required for future success in tourism and leisure careers (ljmu.ac.uk, 2015: p1). Moreover, the course helps the student gain relevant, specialised practical experience and knowledge. One aspect that is common for all tourism and leisure careers is the focus on people, customer service, and hospitality (ljmu.ac.uk, 2015: p1). This means that there is a need for successful students to effectively communicate with diverse individuals, while also handling different challenges and tasks and deriving pleasure from ensuring others have a good experience. These are some of the main reasons why I want to study Tourism and Leisure Management. Tourism is one of the business world’s fastest growing sectors and I believe that taking this course will provide a solid grounding in practice and theory of tourism management, while also preparing me for a successful career in the leisure and tourism industry. In addition, this course, with its industry-specific modules (ljmu.ac.uk, 2015: p1), should aid me in developing an array of business skills that can be applied to the broader commercial market. The Tourism and Leisure Management course at Liverpool John Moores University was recently ranked in the national top 10% for universities offering the same course (ljmu.ac.uk, 2015: p1). Moreover, its linkages local museums, the Mersey Partnership, tourism and leisure facilities, and transport companies provides a good environment for practical learning. The Liverpool Hope University has similar benefits, although its linkages are not as appropriate or broad as those at Liverpool John Moores